Abstract
The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced following infection or vaccination. To address the public health threat caused by the increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) program. This effort was designed to provide a real-time risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants potentially impacting transmission, virulence, and resistance to convalescent and vaccine-induced immunity. The SAVE program serves as a critical data-generating component of the United States Government SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group to assess implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants on diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics and for communicating public health risk. Here we describe the coordinated approach used to identify and curate data about emerging variants, their impact on immunity, and effects on vaccine protection using animal models. We report the development of reagents, methodologies, models, and pivotal findings facilitated by this collaborative approach and identify future challenges. This program serves as a template for the response against rapidly evolving pandemic pathogens by monitoring viral evolution in the human population to identify variants that could erode the effectiveness of countermeasures.
Author information
-
These authors contributed equally: Marciela M. DeGrace, Elodie Ghedin, Matthew B. Frieman, Florian Krammer, Alba Grifoni
Affiliations
-
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
Marciela M. DeGrace, Elodie Ghedin, Eli A. Boritz, Debbie L. Bratt, Liliana Brown, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Daniel C. Douek, William C. Florence, Richard A. Koup, Adrian B. McDermott, Sijy O’Dell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Robert A. Seder, Reed S. Shabman, Nancy J. Sullivan, Leah R. Vincent & Diane J. Post
-
Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
Marciela M. DeGrace, Eli A. Boritz, Debbie L. Bratt, Liliana Brown, William C. Florence, Reed S. Shabman, Leah R. Vincent & Diane J. Post
-
Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
Elodie Ghedin
-
Center for Pathogen Research, The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Matthew B. Frieman, Robert M. Johnson, James P. Logue & Stuart M. Weston
-
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
Florian Krammer, Juan Manuel Carreño, Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre, Michael Schotsaert & Viviana Simon
-
Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
Florian Krammer, Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre & Viviana Simon
-
Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
Alba Grifoni & Alessandro Sette
-
University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
Arghavan Alisoltani, Adam Godzik, Lukasz Jaroszewski & Mayya Sedova
-
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
Galit Alter
-
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Rama R. Amara
-
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Ralph S. Baric & Jenny E. Munt
-
Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Ralph S. Baric
-
Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Dan H. Barouch
-
Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
Jesse D. Bloom
-
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Louis-Marie Bloyet, Zhuoming Liu, Marjorie C. Pontelli, Paul W. Rothlauf, Spencer Stumpf & Sean P. J. Whelan
-
CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Gaston Bonenfant, Han Di, Li Wang, David E. Wentworth & Bin Zhou
-
Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Adrianus C. M. Boon, Traci L. Bricker, Tamarand L. Darling & Astha Joshi
-
Vaccine Research Center, Rockville, MD, USA
Eli A. Boritz, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Daniel C. Douek, Richard A. Koup, Adrian B. McDermott, Sijy O’Dell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Robert A. Seder & Nancy J. Sullivan
-
CAMRIS, Contractor for NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
Debbie L. Bratt
-
High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
William J. Buchser, Mariel J. Liebeskind & Maria A. Vakaki
-
National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
Liel Cohen-Lavi, Eilay Koren & Sinai Sacharen
-
Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara & Mehul S. Suthar
-
US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, USA
Bethany L. Dearlove & Morgane Rolland
-
Microbiology Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Meike Dittmann
-
Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
Christian Drosten, Terry C. Jones & Barbara Mühlemann
-
Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Ali Ellebedy
-
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Thomas P. Fabrizio, John Franks, Trushar Jeevan, Sanja Trifkovic & Richard J. Webby
-
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Guido Ferrari & Xiaoying Shen
-
Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bart L. Haagmans, Marion P. G. Koopmans & Barry Rockx
-
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre & Viviana Simon
-
The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre
-
Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre, Michael Schotsaert & Viviana Simon
-
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche & Harm van Bakel
-
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Aubree Gordon
-
Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Peter J. Halfmann & Yoshihiro Kawaoka
-
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
David D. Ho, Yaoxing Huang, Yang Luo, Manoj S. Nair, Maple Wang & Pengfei Wang
-
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, MD, USA
Michael R. Holbrook
-
University of Cambridge, Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK
Sarah L. James, Terry C. Jones, Eric B. LeGresley, Barbara Mühlemann, Antonia Netzl, Sina Türeli, Samuel A. Turner, Samuel H. Wilks & Derek J. Smith
-
Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
-
Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
-
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Lisa Kercher, Brandi Livingston, Victoria A. Meliopoulos & Stacey Schultz-Cherry
-
Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
Bette Korber, James Theiler & Hyejin Yoon
-
The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
Eilay Koren & Sinai Sacharen
-
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
Jacob E. Lemieux
-
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Margaret J. McElrath
-
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Vineet D. Menachery & Scott C. Weaver
-
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
David C. Montefiori
-
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
Vincent J. Munster
-
Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Anna M. Niewiadomska & Richard H. Scheuermann
-
Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Andrew Pekosz
-
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Stanley Perlman
-
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
Alessandro Sette
-
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Pei-Yong Shi & Xuping Xie
-
University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Maulik Shukla
-
Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
Maulik Shukla
-
Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Larissa B. Thackray, Laura A. VanBlargan, Bradley M. Whitener & Baoling Ying
-
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Paul G. Thomas
-
Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA., USA
Zachary S. Wallace
-
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Zachary S. Wallace
-
US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, USA
Wei Wang & Carol D. Weiss
-
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
Tomer Hertz
-
Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Michael S. Diamond
- Marciela M. DeGrace
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Elodie Ghedin
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Matthew B. Frieman
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Florian Krammer
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Alba Grifoni
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Arghavan Alisoltani
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Galit Alter
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Rama R. Amara
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Ralph S. Baric
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Dan H. Barouch
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Jesse D. Bloom
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Gaston Bonenfant
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Adrianus C. M. Boon
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Eli A. Boritz
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Debbie L. Bratt
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Traci L. Bricker
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Liliana Brown
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- William J. Buchser
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Juan Manuel Carreño
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Liel Cohen-Lavi
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Tamarand L. Darling
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Meredith E. Davis-Gardner
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Bethany L. Dearlove
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Han Di
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Meike Dittmann
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Nicole A. Doria-Rose
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Daniel C. Douek
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Christian Drosten
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Venkata-Viswanadh Edara
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Ali Ellebedy
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Thomas P. Fabrizio
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Guido Ferrari
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- William C. Florence
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Ron A. M. Fouchier
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- John Franks
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Adolfo GarcÃa-Sastre
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Adam Godzik
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Aubree Gordon
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Bart L. Haagmans
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Peter J. Halfmann
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- David D. Ho
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Michael R. Holbrook
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Yaoxing Huang
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sarah L. James
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Lukasz Jaroszewski
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Trushar Jeevan
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Robert M. Johnson
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Terry C. Jones
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Astha Joshi
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Yoshihiro Kawaoka
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Lisa Kercher
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Marion P. G. Koopmans
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Bette Korber
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Eilay Koren
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Richard A. Koup
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Eric B. LeGresley
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Jacob E. Lemieux
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Mariel J. Liebeskind
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Zhuoming Liu
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Brandi Livingston
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- James P. Logue
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Yang Luo
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Adrian B. McDermott
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Margaret J. McElrath
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Victoria A. Meliopoulos
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Vineet D. Menachery
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- David C. Montefiori
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Barbara Mühlemann
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Vincent J. Munster
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Jenny E. Munt
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Manoj S. Nair
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Antonia Netzl
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Anna M. Niewiadomska
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sijy O’Dell
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Andrew Pekosz
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Stanley Perlman
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Marjorie C. Pontelli
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Barry Rockx
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Morgane Rolland
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Paul W. Rothlauf
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sinai Sacharen
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Richard H. Scheuermann
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Stephen D. Schmidt
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Michael Schotsaert
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Stacey Schultz-Cherry
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Robert A. Seder
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Mayya Sedova
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Alessandro Sette
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Reed S. Shabman
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Xiaoying Shen
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Pei-Yong Shi
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Maulik Shukla
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Viviana Simon
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Spencer Stumpf
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Nancy J. Sullivan
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Larissa B. Thackray
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- James Theiler
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Paul G. Thomas
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sanja Trifkovic
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sina Türeli
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Samuel A. Turner
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Maria A. Vakaki
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Harm van Bakel
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Laura A. VanBlargan
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Leah R. Vincent
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Zachary S. Wallace
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Li Wang
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Maple Wang
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Pengfei Wang
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Wei Wang
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Scott C. Weaver
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Richard J. Webby
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Carol D. Weiss
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- David E. Wentworth
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Stuart M. Weston
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Sean P. J. Whelan
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Bradley M. Whitener
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Samuel H. Wilks
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Xuping Xie
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Baoling Ying
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Hyejin Yoon
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Bin Zhou
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Tomer Hertz
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Derek J. Smith
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Michael S. Diamond
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Diane J. Post
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
- Mehul S. Suthar
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Corresponding authors
Correspondence to Florian Krammer, Tomer Hertz, Derek J. Smith, Michael S. Diamond, Diane J. Post or Mehul S. Suthar.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
DeGrace, M.M., Ghedin, E., Frieman, M.B. et al. Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection. Nature (2022). https://ift.tt/GoSMkuF
-
Received:
-
Accepted:
-
Published:
-
DOI: https://ift.tt/GoSMkuF
Share this article
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
Health - Latest - Google News
March 31, 2022 at 04:26PM
https://ift.tt/4CY3oIz
Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection - Nature.com
Health - Latest - Google News
https://ift.tt/cK59kn3
Bagikan Berita Ini
0 Response to "Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection - Nature.com"
Post a Comment